For decades Donald Trump, his parents and siblings cheated on taxes in numerous ways, The New York Times reported in an extraordinarily thorough and well documented expose published on Tuesday night.
In a meticulously reported 14,000-word article, the paper demolishes Donald’s claims that he is a self-made billionaire who started out with a $1 million loan from his father Fred, which he paid back with interest. Donald got at least $413 million, in today’s money, from his father and never fully repaid his loans.
The Times obtained access to more than 100,000 pages of Trump documents including “bank statements, financial audits, accounting ledgers, cash disbursement reports, invoices, and canceled checks. Most notably, the documents include more than 200 tax returns from Fred Trump, his companies and various Trump partnerships and trusts.” It did not get any of the president’s personal tax returns.
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The arcane and difficult subjects of both tax and accounting are masterfully explained in plain English. As the paper’s former tax reporter, and the journalist who has covered Trump the longest, I’m in a solid position to judge the depth and quality of their work. It is masterful.
The Times expose is exactly what it purports to be: “unprecedented in scope and precision.” And it shows in vivid detail how egregious the tax cheating was—not chiseling here and there, but gigantic lies to escape lawful burdens. The piece goes far beyond the two civil income tax fraud trials Trump lost, news I broke in The Daily Beast two years ago.
Most if not all of the transactions detailed in The Times can be pursued as civil tax fraud by both the federal and New York state governments. Neither the federal or state governments have statutes of limitations on civil fraud. Generally, criminal tax cases are limited to returns filed in the past six years.
State tax authorities said Tuesday night they were looking into the facts reported by The Times. Since June 15, DCReport has been calling for a criminal investigation of Trump’s taxes. After our readers flooded Governor Andrew Cuomo with phone calls he signaled his approval of such an inquiry.
The documents and interviews with former family retainers show that the Trumps lied again and again on documents to enrich themselves and underpay the government.
The Trump White House offered up thin gruel in response to the nation’s premier newspaper accusing a sitting president of “outright fraud.”
In a statement Tuesday night that did not challenge a single specific fact in the Times reporting, Press Secretary Sarah Sanders said that said "Fred Trump has been gone for nearly twenty years and it’s sad to witness this misleading attack against the Trump family by the failing New York Times.”
Here are some of the most revealing aspects from reporters David Barstow, Susanne Craig and Ross Buettner's 14,000 word article:
- In deals to transfer wealth from Fred Trump to his children, transfers
subject to a 55-percent gift tax, the Trumps drastically undervalued properties.
When more than a thousand apartment units in eight buildings were transferred from Fred Trump to his children decades ago no taxes were paid on seven of the buildings and a token sum on the eighth building.
2. Purchases and re-sales within the family were used to evade taxes and create tax losses.
In one 1987 scheme, Fred Trump paid $15.5 million for a stake in Donald’s Trump Palace condos in Manhattan in 1987. Four years later Fred dumped his holdings, collecting just $10,000.
That created, on paper, a big tax loss while transferring wealth from father Fred to favored son Donald. This disguised gift allowed the family to evade income and gift taxes totaling about $8 million.
Similarly, the family told tax authorities their gifts were worth only about 6% of their actual value. While discounts on transfers made by parents with more than one child are common, a 94% discount is, in a word, egregious.
“The Trumps dodged hundreds of millions in gift taxes,” The Times reported, “by submitting tax returns that grossly undervalued the properties, claiming they were worth just $41.4 million. The same set of buildings would be sold off over the next decade for more than 16 times that amount.”
3. Donald Trump has always claimed his fortune grew from a single $1 million loan from his father that was paid back with interest. The documents show Donald received loans and gifts worth in today’s money $413 million and failed to pay back many loans.
Among the loans was one I reported on in 1990—a scheme to evade New Jersey casino rules on capital invested in gambling halls. Fred Trump’s lawyer deposited $3.5 million cash to pay for gambling chips, but left without playing. The cash infusion saved Trump from missing a payment to Trump Castle bond-holders. Casino regulators fined Donald $30,000, a slap on the wrist.
4. In 1995, the elder Trumps used a tax avoidance device known as a GRAT—grantor-retained annuity trust—to pass almost all of their wealth to their children while paying no gift taxes. For the tax dodge to work the parents only had to live two years, which they did.
Over the years, the paper reported, Donald’s share of revenue from the family grew, which meant his three surviving siblings got less.
5. The Trumps used invoicing schemes to reduce taxes and transfer wealth.
On 78 refrigerator-stove combinations bought for rental apartments at a cost of $642 each, financial records inflated the cost by $300 through a company the family controlled, documents obtained by The Times showed. That allowed the Trumps to take 46 percent more in tax deductions than the law allows.
This was not a one-off, either. The newspaper said it found 295 separate schemes that made money flow to the children using invoicing schemes. That many schemes suggest that, as I have said many times, the Trump family is a white collar criminal enterprise with the added benefit of one of Donald’s siblings being a sitting federal judge.
6. The Trumps cheated poor tenants in rent-controlled apartment by fooling housing authorities.
Robert Trump, Donald’s younger brother, also testified under oath to inflating expenses on rent-controlled apartments, which means the Trump’s cheated the poor to add to their fortunes. “The higher the markup would be, the higher the rent that might be charged,” Robert testified.
7. Donald Trump manipulated the prices of stocks, including Time. Inc., the magazine publisher, claiming he bought big stakes in the firm. In fact his father bought shares, selling them two weeks later for a tidy profit after Trump planted his fake news with Don Dorfman, a financial columnist. There is no indication that Dorfman had any role in the scheme other than reporting what Donald said.
Keep in mind that there is not a scintilla of verifiable evidence that Trump is or ever was worth a billion dollars.
While candidate Trump claimed to be worth more than $10 billion, as president he filed a financial statement showing a net worth of just $1.4 billion. That document used highly inflated values for many assets. Also, because of loopholes on reporting requirements that Trump himself cited in 2015, it does not list all of the debts he owes.
What we need now are serious investigations by Congress, by the IRS and by New York state and city tax authorities. Trump’s sister, a senior judge on the federal Third Circuit Court of Appeals, should remove herself from the bench immediately.
There is no circumstance under which it is good for America to have a tax cheat in the White House or on the federal bench.
David Cay Johnston is the Editor-in-Chief of DCReport., where this article first appeared.
