JERUSALEMâFormer Polish President Aleksander KwaĹniewski has sat across a table from Vladimir Putin on dozens of occasions. Having traded jabs with the Russian president through countless conflicts during his 10-year-long-tenureâmost notably when he helped Ukraine get rid of a pro-Russia president who came to power after an allegedly fraudulent electionâKwaĹniewski has never been known to back down from a face-off with Putin.
Now, with the Russian president on the verge of launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine that could spark a devastating war, KwaĹniewski has some thoughts on how to manage the latest round of aggression from Moscow. And it involves doing exactly the opposite of what Putin has demanded of the U.S. and NATO.
NATO should immediately accept Ukraine as a full member, KwaĹniewski, who was the president of Poland from 1995-2005, told The Daily Beast while on a visit to Jerusalem.
âIf Putin can decide in one night that Donetsk and Luhansk are no longer part of Ukraine, why can we not decide that Ukraine is a member of NATO?,â he said after meeting with Israeli leaders at the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, which he attended following the Munich Security Conference. âFor me the real test will be the question of NATO. Ukraineâeven a partial, divided Ukraineâmust become a member of NATO now, not next week,â he added, alluding to Donetsk and Luhansk, the two Ukrainian provinces that have been de facto annexed by Russia.
For months, Vladimir Putin has been aggressively pushing for guarantees from NATO that Ukraine be barred from the alliance, using Western leadersâ refusal to cede to that demand as justification for Moscowâs continued military escalations. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, meanwhile, has remained firm in his stance that his country should have the right to join the alliance as a member state, with all the security perks that come with it.
On Tuesday, the international military alliance did not address the possibility of upgrading Ukraineâs status, but in a press conference NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg acknowledged that âevery indication is that Russia continues to plan for a full-scale attack on Ukraine⌠More and more of the forces are moving out of the camps and are in combat formations and ready to strike.â
As the world eyes Ukraineâs borders for signs of a full-scale invasion that KwaĹniewski believes is Putinâs ânext likely step,â other skilled observers of Putin warn that he has already launched something just as dire: an endless multi-level onslaught that hovers just beneath the Biden administrationâs benchmark for direct military intervention.
With Ukraine nearly encircled by Russian forces, two provinces declared âindependentâ and regular cyber attacks, âthey want to make our lives impossible so we agree that anything is better than thisâeven their takeover,â said Ruslan Kavatsiuk, a former adviser to Ukrainian army chief of staff Viktor Muzhenko, who as an officer fought against the Russian forces in the region of Donbass, in 2014.
âThey want to crack our minds,â Kavatsiuk told The Daily Beast. âTheir main problem is that they are afraid about entering without the populationâs agreement. They want us to say 'we canât survive like this, give us anything else, even you.'ââ
"Nonetheless, Kavatsiuk, who has been told he's on a Russian kill list should the Ukrainian government be overthrown by Russian forces, added that no âother military has killed more Russian soldiers than the Ukrainian armed forces.â When Russia invaded Crimea, he said, Russian forces were stopped even by an overpowered Ukrainian military. âThey didnât stop at Donetsk because they felt like it.â
Ukraine has long held the imaginations of ambitious Russian leaders and of dissenters dreaming of freedom from the Russian yoke. Natan Sharansky, a native of Donetsk and its most famous dissident, who spent nine years in Soviet prisons in the 1980s, recalled in an interview with The Daily Beast conversations about Ukraine with fellow convicts. âIn our scenarios, once the Soviet Union fell Ukraine would become independent, and would quickly become a country like France⌠Ukraine has great potential as a democracy and for Putin, the main concern is that Ukraine is the principal stumbling block preventing him from restoring the Soviet empire.â
âThe more their direction is towards the west and NATO, the more Putin thinks âwe want our lands back,ââ he added.
Putin, he believes, had good reason for hope following the fiasco of President Obamaâs 2013 abandonment of his red line against the use of chemical weapons in Syria, which opened the door to Russiaâs reemergence as a diplomatic actor in the Middle East.
âObama demonstrated incredible weakness when he did what he did with Syrian chemical weapons, Assad survived and the Russians built their bases,â Sharansky, who became an Israeli politician after his release, said. âIt was a mistake that Israel took this so quietly.â Remarking on his countryâs predicament, Israeli foreign minister Yair Lapid said on Monday that âRussia is our neighbor to the north.â
A year later, Putin annexed the Crimean peninsula, part of Ukraine, to Russia through a silent invasion of un-uniformed soldiers. The West imposed sanctions on Russia. âIt was clear the West was not going to do anything to stop him, Sharansky said. âHe wanted Crimea for a long time, and it was a difficult decision for him, but the weakness of an American president who did not hold to his own word made it much easier.â
Putin, Kavatsiuk says, miscalculated the support he enjoys in Ukraine by assuming that Russian speakersâa group including every Ukrainian over the age of 30, who lived under Soviet dominationâwould support his endeavor to annex part or all of Ukraine to a greater Russia.
Kavatsiuk, who is deputy CEO of Kyivâs Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, said that some natively Russian-speaking Ukrainians switch to Ukrainian when traveling abroad so as not to be perceived as Russians.
âThe language is not an issue,â he said. âThe question is are you pro-European Union or pro-Russia? Do you want to be part of the free world or part of a country that is one big Guantanamo prison? We choose freedom and democracy day after day, again and again, we choose democracy because it is part of our DNA,â he said.
A recent poll conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation, an independent think tank, showed that 78 percent of Ukrainians consider Ukrainian their mother tongue, versus 18 percent whose native language is Russian.
While foreign embassies have fled the capital city of Kyiv, a move Kavatsiuk calls âcowardly,â Ukrainian citizens remain subject to an extraordinary psychological and economic assault. Many with family in the western part of the country are trying to find refuge among relatives.
âPsychologically, how long can people live under such pressure?â KwaĹniewski asked, recalling his visit, less than a week ago, to Dnipro, Ukraineâs fourth largest city in the nationâs endangered east, which is only 160 miles from the city of Donetsk. âI saw very, very serious citizens. They donât smile. They are prepared to fight. Putin may have underestimated their will.â